knownunknown wrote: ↑Sun Oct 19, 2025 5:52 am
750,000 people were not expelled, 750,000 became refugees.  A fair portion were expelled, maybe 50%, about 40% fled due to fear and 10% were ordered to leave by the Arab armies that were marching on Israel at the time to destroy it, 5 of them.  The Arab generals promised they could return when the Israelis became fish food.  
150,000 Arabs remained in Israel, were not expelled and did not flee.  They now represent some 2million people living there with the greatest freedoms in the Middle East, not an apartheid as some claim. 
850,000 Jews were expelled or fled their homes from Arab countries post 1948 with the majority resettling in Israel.  Do you know how many Jewish people remain in these countries? 
1948 was a long time ago and there have been several attempts to reimburse many of the refugees since but they don’t want to give their “right of return” in exchange for alternate compensation, something the UN has said was acceptable.  
 
  
KuK,   
You are, of course, welcome to correct Wikipedia (see below link).  
Looking at your post, you appear to be replying with a BOT answer.   
KuK, How did you prompt the BOT (AI) ??        
For parity I decided to do the same and asked the BOT to compile a comprehensive list of historians who have written about the ethnic cleansing  /  displacement of Palestinians expelled or fleeing during the 1947-1949 period around the founding of the State of Israel.  And to include a mixture of estimates from various perspectives  —  both higher and lower numbers  —  along with their methodologies and the sources they use.     FAIR ???
The consensus is around 750,000 expulsions.   The lowest number was from Efraim Karsh (an Israeli historian)	500,000-600,000 (lower estimate).    
The BOT (AI) provided me with a lengthy list of historians.   I selected a number of them for your perusal:    
Ilan Pappé (Israeli “New Historian” and  political scientist)   750,000+ Palestinians
“More than 750,000 Palestinians” expelled from what became Israel in 1948. Academia+3University of California Press Online+3Institute for Palestine Studies+3
In his 2006 article 
“The 1948 Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine” he draws on Israeli archive material, the so‑called 
“Village Files” (1940‑47), the operational plan “Plan D” (Daleth), military records of depopulated Arab villages. Institute for Palestine Studies+2Yplus+2  
He argues the expulsions were systematic and planned, and uses detailed village‑by‑village data for many cases.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9
Pappé was born in Haifa, Israel, to a family of Ashkenazi Jews.  His parents were German Jews who had fled Nazi persecution in the 1930s.[4] At the age of 18, he was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and served in the Golan Heights during the Yom Kippur War in 1973.[9] 
He graduated from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1978 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree.[10] He then moved to England to study history at the University of Oxford, completing a Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) degree in 1984 under the supervision of British historians Albert Hourani and Roger Owen.[9] His doctoral thesis was titled
 "British foreign policy towards the Middle East, 1948-1951: Britain and the Arab-Israeli conflict"[11] and this became his first book, titled 
Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict.[8]
Walid Khalidi (Palestinian historian).  750,000 (oft quoted)
Through his 
All That Remains (1992), Khalidi uses UN data, Zionist and British archives, and oral histories to document the destruction and depopulation of over 400 Palestinian villages.
Often cited as in the “700,000‑900,000” range 
(with the ~750,000 figure commonly used) for the number of Palestinians displaced. Le Monde Diplomatique+2SpringerLink+2	
His work (e.g.,
 All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948) documents over 400 villages that were destroyed or depopulated. Wikipedia+1 He aggregates village‑level data and population statistics to arrive at his estimates.
Ilana Feldman (American historian)  700,000	
Feldman uses a combination of historical records, oral interviews, and the evolution of refugee identity. In her work “Fields of Trauma” (2010), she examines the long-term displacement of Palestinians.
Zeev Sternhell (Israeli historian)	700,000-800,000	
In The Founding Myths of Israel (1998), Sternhell discusses the ideological motivations behind the Zionist project and its impacts on Palestinian displacement.
Benny Morris (Israeli historian)	Estimates roughly 600,000‑760,000 Palestinians left their homes in 1947‑49. Tidsskrift+1
In The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947‑1949 he uses Israeli military archives, British and American archives, and UN records. He breaks down the refugee exodus into waves and analyses cause (flight, military pressure, expulsions). Yplus+1
Nur Masalha (Palestinian historian)	Argues 
“some three‑quarters of a million Palestinians” were evacuated/expelled in 1948. NAD+1	
In his book Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of “Transfer” in Zionist Political Thought and other works, he uses Zionist archival sources, Palestinian oral history, UN/UNRWA refugee registration figures, and demographic calculations to estimate the scale of displacement.
Efraim Karsh (Israeli historian)	500,000-600,000 (lower estimate)
Karsh’s estimate of lower numbers focuses on the voluntary nature of the exodus, stressing that many Palestinians fled due to the escalating violence and the Arab leaders' failure to protect them.
Le Monde diplomatique
‘Ten years of research into the 1947-49 war’
‘The expulsion of the Palestinians re-examined’
December 1997
https://mondediplo.com/1997/12/palestin ... hatgpt.com
[...]
"However, by the 1950s this version was already beginning to be contested by leading Israeli figures associated with the Communist Party and with elements of the Zionist left (notably Mapam). Later, in the mid-1980s, they were joined in their critique by a number of historians who described themselves as revisionist historians: Simha Flapan, Tom Segev, Avi Schlaim, Ilan Pappe and Benny Morris. It was Morris’s book, "The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem", that first prompted public concern (4) . Leaving aside differences of subject, methodology and viewpoint, what unites these historians is that they are bent on unpicking Israel’s national myths (5). They have focused particularly on the myths of the first Arab-Israeli war, contributing (albeit partially, as we shall see), to establishing the truth about the Palestinian exodus. And in the process they have incurred the wrath of Israel’s orthodox historians (6).
"This research activity was originally stimulated by two separate sets of events. First, the opening of Israeli archives, both state and private, covering the period in question. Here it is worth noting that the historians appear to have ignored almost entirely both the archives of the Arab countries (not that these are notable for their accessibility) and oral history potential among Palestinians themselves, where considerable work has been done by other historians. As the Palestinian historian, Nur Masalha, rightly says: "History and historiography ought not necessarily be written, exclusively or mainly, by the victors (7)".
WIKIPEDIA 
'Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of ... %20exodus.
[b Historiography[/b]
[...]
"Scholarship today generally considers that violence and direct expulsions perpetrated by Zionist forces throughout both phases of the 1947-1949 Palestine war (both during the civil war phase and during the 1948-1949 Arab-Israeli war) were the primary cause of the displacement of the Palestinians.[27][28][29][30][31] Many historians consider that the events of 1948 fit the definition of ethnic cleansing.[32]
I
n a review of scholarship on the topic, Jerome Slater found that later scholarship had proven false "the conventional Zionist-Israeli mythology" that most of the 700,000 Palestinian Arabs had "fled" voluntarily.[33] 
The "mythology" held that until the Arab states invaded Palestine to begin the 1948 Arab-Israeli War that the Zionist forces had attempted to demonstrate a willingness to coexist and attempted to keep the Arabs to stay. 
The New Historians have however established this to be false, and that 
"well before the Arab invasion some 300,000 to 400,000 Palestinians (out of a population of about 900,000 at the time of the UN partition) were either forcibly expelled— sometimes by forced marches with only the clothes on their backs—or fled as a result of Israeli psychological warfare, economic pressures, and violence, designed to empty the area that would become Israel of most of its Arab inhabitants."[34] Rather than the Arab invasion being responsible for the flight of the Palestinian Arabs, Walid Khalidi wrote that: "
It was not the entry of the Arab armies that caused the exodus. It was the exodus that caused the entry of the Arab armies."[34] 
Massacres and forced expulsions of Palestinian Arabs by Zionist forces were either tolerated or implemented by the Yishuv leadership,[citation needed] with Yitzhak Rabin reporting on the orders he received in the expulsion of 50,000-70,000 Palestinians from Lydda and Ramle that David Ben-Gurion
  [Zionist leader]  "waved his hand in a gesture which said, 'Drive them out.'"[35][36][37][38] 
Tom Segev, discussing Plan Dalet, wrote that Yigael Yadin clarified Ben-Gurion's instructions to 
"break the spirit" of the Arab population, adding an appendix to the plan that gave the commanders the options of expelling the Arabs, cutting off essential services, including water and electricity, and 
"sowing terror" through propaganda.[39]
Starry:    Kuk,  In future, BE MORE OBJECTIVE AND LOGICAL.